Like an earlier responder, I had a wonderful GP in New York that first discovered I had Thal trait. When I first moved here after college to take a job, some of the early testing that the company did showed abnormal results in my urine. They suggested I find a local doctor and have further testing done. The urine issue was unrelated and minor, but in the process of diagnosing that the GP did some blood tests. When the initial results came back he asked my permission to do further blood testing for "an unrelated matter". The electrophoresis he ordered confirmed his suspicion that I had Thal trait, and he explained its implications to me (I was single at the time, but he explained what I should be alert to relative to genetic testing of any future spouse), and he suggested that any siblings I have also get tested. I have one sister, so I passed the word on to her. She went to her doctor and requested the test, and he thought she was crazy but he did it. When her results showed she, too, was a carrier he expressed respect for how alert my doctor had been. Both my sister and I are always somewhat anemic (I moreso than she), and the gene was likely passed on by my Italian father (who was deceased by that time). I have since married and given birth twice, and it was during both pregnancies that the Thal caused any sort of real problem (I had to have blood transfusions during both pregnancies due to extremely how Hgb counts). On the first pregnancy I told the OB/GYN up front that I carried the trait, she ordered genetic testing for my husband, but otherwise didn't think anything of it. Since I was already anemic, she prescribed the standard pregnancy 1 iron pill per day. Months later when I was VERY anemic, she sent me home with the advice to take 2 iron pills per day! Fortunately she also consulted an internist, who realized the error of her ways and ordered blood transfusions (immediately....in the hospital) and told me to cease taking the iron pills since they wouldn't help and could possibly hurt. My son was born a healthy 7 lb. 6 oz. Eight years later when I became pregnant with my daughter (and had moved on to a new OB/GYN) I told him of my trait and prior experience and things went a little smoother. We did have to do blood transfusions again though, as my Hgb was so low he said that if I needed an emergency C-section he wouldn't be able to give me anethesia! But she, too, was born a healthy 7 lb. 4 oz, so the story has a happy ending. As for passing on the trait, while I have not yet had testing done on either of them, I believe my daughter carries the trait but not my son (just guesses, as she is slightly anemic and he is not).