Hi Marcy,
The numbers do look typical for thal minor, and it's usually the only explanation for the HbA2 being higher than 3. Microcytosis and hypochromia also support this diagnosis. These should appear to some extent in thal minors from birth and should be noted when a blood smear is done. Their significance in regards to thal trait may not be understood by many techs running the tests, especially when a normal Hb level shows no reason for further investigation. These small pale red cells should raise questions about their cause, as it likely a form of anemia.
We have heard from many thal minors who see more symptoms as they get older. I suspect much of this is related to the production of the small pale RBCs and their ultimate destruction in the spleen. I also think it would be interesting if RBC morphologies were studied in thal minors as they age to see what changes take place over time to see if there are changes in the bone marrow that would affect the number of bad RBCs produced. The practical effect is an increase in hydroxyl radicals leading to oxidation throughout the body. One of the best things thal minors can do for themselves is make sure their diets include as much antioxidant foods as possible, along with antioxidant supplements like vitamin E.